Análisis de las interacciones entre los actores de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia / Analysis of interactions between actors of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia

Introducción. La malaria, o paludismo, es una enfermedad de gran impacto en la población colombiana, que debe ser abordada desde el punto de vista del trabajo en equipo de instituciones para el intercambio de conocimiento. Objetivo. Analizar las interacciones de la Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un análisis de redes sociales que permitió identificar la proximidad entre los actores y el grado de conocimiento entre ellos; se observaron indicadores de densidad, diámetro, distancia media y centralidad de grado. El corpus documental para el estudio estuvo constituido por 193 documentos técnicos publicados entre el 2016 y el 2021, que fueron analizados empleando técnicas de procesamiento de texto mediante el lenguaje de programación R. La categorización de la red se realizó a partir de cinco variables: atención integral a pacientes, diagnóstico, epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, política pública, y promoción y prevención. Resultados. El análisis de las interacciones indicó que la red la conformaban 99 actores, de los cuales 97 (98 %), mostraron más interés en la producción de conocimientos en epidemiología y sistemas de análisis de información en salud, seguido de la categoría de atención integral a pacientes con 79 (80 %). El 54 % de los actores llevó a cabo estudios de promoción y prevención, siendo esta la categoría de menor abordaje. Conclusiones. Este estudio contribuye al fortalecimiento de estrategias clave en la divulgación del conocimiento sobre la malaria en Colombia.

Introduction: Malaria is a disease with a high impact on Colombian population, which must be approached from the point of view of teamwork of institutions for knowledge exchange. Objective: To analyze the interactions of the Red de Gestión del Conocimiento, Investigación e Innovación en Malaria de Colombia. Materials and methods: An analysis of social networks was applied that allowed identifying the proximity between actors and the degree of knowledge between them. Indicators of density, diameter, average distance, and degree of centrality were observed. The documentary corpus for the study consisted of 193 technical documents published between 2016 and 2021, which were analyzed using text mining using the R programming language. The network was categorized based on five variables: comprehensive patient care, diagnosis, epidemiology and health information analysis systems, public policy and promotion and prevention. Results: The analysis of interactions indicated that the network was made up by 99 actors. The main interest in knowledge production was on epidemiology and health information analysis systems (98 % of the actors), followed by the integral patient care (80 % of the actors). On the contrary, the least approached category was malaria promotion and prevention practices (54 % of the actors). Conclusions: In general, this study contributes to the strengthening of key strategies in the dissemination of knowledge about malaria in Colombia.

Quando a forma importa:: o efeito de configuração de mensagens na tomada de decisão / When the frame matters:: message framing effect on decision making / Cuando la forma importa:: el efecto de configuración de mensajes en la tomada de decisión

O presente artigo se propôs a realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o efeito de configuração na tomada de decisão. O efeito de configuração refere-se ao achado de que as pessoas respondem de forma distinta a diferentes descrições de um mesmo problema. Para tanto, foi explorado o surgimento da teoria dos prospectos (também denominada teoria prospectiva), que deu origem aos estudos sobre o efeito de configuração, considerando as diferentes variáveis usualmente relacionadas ao referido efeito. O avanço dos estudos culminou no achado de diferentes tipos de efeito de configuração (de risco, de objetivos e de atributos), que divergem quanto a definições operacionais, padrões de resultados e teorias para a interpretação. A teoria dos prospectos, entretanto, prestar-se-ia apenas para a análise e a interpretação do referido efeito exclusivamente em um contexto de risco....(AU)

The present paper proposes a literature review about the framing effect on decision making. The framing effect refers to the belief that people answer in distinct ways to different descriptions of the same problem. Thus, the article begins exploring the rise of the prospect theory, responsible for the studies of the framing effect, regarding the distinct variables studied in relation to this effect. The advance of the studies highlighted the different types of framing effect (risky, goal framing and attribute), that disagree in terms of operational definition, result patterns and interpretation theories. The prospect theory nevertheless was found only adequate for analysis and interpretation of the effect solely in a risky context....(AU)

El presente artículo se propone realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el efecto de configuración en la tomada de decisión. El efecto de configuración se refiere al hallazgo de que las personas responden de forma distinta a diferentes descripciones de un mismo problema. Para tanto, fue explorado el surgimiento de la teoría de los prospectos (también denominada teoría prospectiva), que dio origen a los estudios sobre el efecto de configuración, considerando las diferentes variables usualmente relacionadas al referido efecto. El avance de los estudios culminó en el hallazgo de diferentes tipos de efecto de configuración (de riesgo, de objetivos y de atributos), que divergen en lo referente a definiciones operacionales, estándares de resultados y teorías para la interpretación. La teoría de los prospectos, no obstante, se prestaría solamente para el análisis y la interpretación del referido efecto exclusivamente en un contexto de riesgo....(AU)

Evaluación de resúmenes de textos narrativos y expositivos utilizando análisis semántico latente / Evaluation of narative text and presentation text summaries using latent semantic análisis

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar un método de evaluación automática de resúmenes realizados a partir de textos de tipo narrativo y expositivo en español. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se correlaciona la evaluación realizada por tres docentes a 373 resúmenes con los resultados entregados por el análisis semántico latente. Los puntajes asignados por el análisis semántico latente se obtienen utilizando tres métodos 1) Comparación de los resúmenes con el texto fuente, 2) Comparación de los resúmenes con un resumen consensuado 3) Comparación de los resúmenes con tres resúmenes construidos por tres evaluadores. Entre los resultados más relevantes se destacan: a) una alta correlación entre la evaluación realizada por los evaluadores ( 0,63); b) una alta correlación entre los métodos computacionales utilizados ( 0,62) y c) una correlación promedio positiva media-alta entre las evaluaciones realizadas por los docentes y el análisis semántico latente en el segundo y tercer método ( 0,53 en ambos casos y tipos de textos). Ambos métodos presentaron mayor correlación promedio con los evaluadores cuando los textos evaluados eran predominantemente narrativos ( 0,59 y 0,45 respectivamente).

The objective of this study is to identify a method for the automatic evaluation of the summaries developed from narrative and expository Spanish texts. In order to fulfill this task evaluation of 373 summaries carried out by three teachers is correlated with the results delivered by latent semantic analysis. Scores assigned by the latent semanticanalysis are obtained through three methods: 1) Comparison of the summaries with the source text, 2) Comparison of the summaries with a consensuated one, 3) Comparison of the summaries with three summaries developed by three evaluators. The mostrelevant results include: a) a high correlation between assessments by the evaluators (:0.63), b) a high correlation between the computational methods used (:0.62) and c) a positive medium-high average correlation between assessments undertaken bythe teachers and the latent semantic analysis in the second and third method (;0.53 in both cases and types of texts). Both methods presented greater average correlation with testers when the texts evaluated were predominantly narratives (;0.59 and 0.45 respectively).

Collaborative writing: Tools and tips.

Majority of technical writing is done by groups of experts and various web based applications have made this collaboration easy. Email exchange of word processor documents with tracked changes used to be the standard technique for collaborative writing. However web based tools like Google docs and Spreadsheets have made the process fast and efficient. Various versioning tools and synchronous editors are available for those who need additional functionality. Having a group leader who decides the scheduling, communication and conflict resolving protocols is important for successful collaboration.

Segmentación por tópicos en documentos de múltiples párrafos / Segmentation by topics in multiparagraph documents

Detectar automáticamente los límites físicos adecuados de los subtópicos en un documento es una tarea difícil y muy útil en el procesamiento de texto. Existen algunos métodos que intentan resolver este problema, varios de ellos con resultados favorables, aunque presentan algunas deficiencias; además, muchas de estas soluciones dependen del dominio de la aplicación. Se realiza un análisis de dos algoritmos para la segmentación de documentos y se comparan los resultados obtenidos con cada uno de ellos.

To automatically detect the adequate physical limits of subtopics in a document is a difficult but highly useful task in text processing. There is a few methods attempting to solve this problem, several of which have favorable results, although presenting some difficulties; also, many of these solutions depend on application skills. An analysis was made of two document segmentation algorithms and the results from each of them were compared.

Encuentros y desencuentros en la representación objetiva y subjetiva de las fuentes de información / Converging and diverging points in the objective and subjective representation of information sources

Se analizan los puntos de encuentro y desencuentro entre los procesos orientados a la representación objetiva y subjetiva de las fuentes de información. Se indican algunos elementos de la objetividad y subjetividad en la representación de las fuentes. Se examinan semejanzas y diferencias entre el tratamiento y el análisis documental. Se exponen un grupo de reflexiones sobre el análisis de información como proceso que explora la subjetividad contenida en las fuentes

O texto de crianças e adolescentes com depressão maior unipolar / The text of children and adolescents with unipolar major depression

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a elaboração e a recontagem de histórias de crianças com o diagnóstico de depressão maior unipolar (DSM-IV, 1997) em um estudo duplo-cego longitudinal controlado com placebo. Fizeram parte do estudo trinta sujeitos com idades entre 10 e 14 anos, randomizados para o uso de fluoxetina ou placebo. Ambos os grupos foram avaliados quanto à elaboração livre de textos orais e escritos e à recontagem de textos (fábulas de Êsopo ou La Fontaine) na etapa 0 (sem uso de medicação) e na etapa 3 (três meses após a introdução de medicação ou placebo). Os textos foram analisados de acordo com o modelo de Kintsch e Van Dijk (1978), baseado no número de macro e microestruturas produzidas e/ou recordadas e nos componentes relativos à superestrutura textual. A este modelo foi acrescida a análise do conteúdo proposicional (positivo, negativo ou neutro). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas com relação a esses critérios entre os grupos ou períodos analisados, nem quanto à produçaõ e/ou recontagem de textos orais ou escritos, mesmo com a melhora da sintomatologia clínica observada por meio da escala CDRS (Poznanski & Mokros, 1996) /The aim of this study was to evaluate the textual production and retelling of children with unipolar major depression (DSM-IV, 1997) in a longitudinal, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Thirty subjects, aged between 10 and 14 years, were selected and randomized for the use of fluoxetine or placebo. Both gropus were analyzed regarding to spontaneous oral and written production and to the retelling of the texts (Esopo’s or La Fontaine fables) in the period zero (without medication) and period 3 (three months after starting placebo or fluoxetine). The texts were analyzed according to Kintsch and Van Dijk’s model (1978), taking in account the number of macro and microstructures elaborated and/or recalled and the textual superstructure. We added to this model the proposition-content analysis (positive, negative or neutral). Regarding these criteria, no differences were found amongst the gropus or periods analyzed, neither amongst the oral and written elaborated or retold texts, even after the improvement of clinical symptoms evaluated by CDRS scale (Poznanski and Mokros, 1996)...

Análisis documental y de información: dos componentes de un mismo proceso / Information and document analysis: two components of a same process

Se comparan los conceptos de análisis de información y tratamiento documental sobre la base de sus relaciones y diferencias. Se tratan como parte de un proceso integrador cíclico y sistémico que responde a una serie de necesidades metodológicas, propias de todas las ciencias. Se analizan las exigencias de cada una para su realización. Ambos procesos son componentes esenciales de la práctica cotidiana de los trabajadores de la información

Impact of Applying "Nursing Process Program" to Nursing Practice: Based on I.C.U. Nursing Practice / 기본간호학회지

This study was done to identify the effectiveness of applying a "Nursing Process Program" to the nursing students' clinical practice. The data collection period was from September 2000 to January 2001, and the subjects of the study were 39 students who were doing clinical practice in the ICU. The results are as follows; 1. Most subjects had a personal computer, had experience in using computers for one year and usually did word processing and internet, and wanted computerization of nursing work. The average results of the questions on the need for, and the effectiveness of applying a "Nursing Process Program" to clinical practice were, on five point scales, 4.07 and 4.21 respectively . 2. There were no significant differences in the mean scores for subjects' attitudes toward computers and computer anxiety between before and after using a "Nursing Process Program". 3. The total case study frequency using a "Nursing Process Program" was 68, and "Risk for infection" was the most frequent nursing diagnosis.

Relation of psychosocial stress, eye strain, and critical flicker fusion of VDT workers

To clarify that the psychosocial factors affect the eye strain of the VDT workers, self-reporting questionnaire about eye strain, critical flicker fusion(CFF), and 12-item version of General Health Questionnaire(GHQ) were carried out to 13 female VDT workers who have done the electronic editing and 10 female controls who were nurses in one hospital. The sum of eye symptoms of VDT workers were significantly higher than controls, but CFF of both groups were not different. And the sum of eye symptoms and CFF were not correlated. High stress group(sum of GHQ > 3) shows significantly more eye symptoms than low stress group. This result suggest that the psychosocial factors could affect the eye strain of VDT workers.

Computer use and factors affecting computer use by family physicians

BACKGROUND: Computers can in many ways improve the quality and efficacy of medical care. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive survey of present computer use and investigate the factors affecting computer use by family physicians. METHODS: One thousand and 1250 family physicians were surveyed by mail from May to August, 1999. The survey protocol included demographic characteristics, opinions on computer use in medicine, present computer usages and wanted applications in the future. RESULTS: Of the 306 responses received, 291 responses were analysed. 91.4% replied that they used computers in the medical field, and 58.1% said they used computers during medical interview. Factors preventing computer use in medicine were cost(33%), time(16%), insufficient information(14%), the doctor-patient relationship(12%) and no perceived need(6%). While 46% of the responders who used computers in the medical field cited fellow doctors for their interest in computer use in the medical field, only 6.2% answered that medical societies or associations had promoted their interest. Present usage of computers included word processing, online communication, internet, medical insurance billing, in descending order. Factors affecting the present degree of computer use that were statistically significant, were the computer system used, factors preventing computer use and the present form of practice. CONCLUSION: Although, most family physicians use computers in the medical field, its use is still limited to a few areas.

A Study to Develop Food and Nutrition Cyberclass Contents for Nonmajor University Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was intended to develop food and nutrition cyberclass contents for nonmajor students at university. We investigated universities which offered food and nutrition related courses in 1998 by a telephone survey in order to select the most appropriate lecture contents for the nonmajor university students. We investigated to select the most needed lecture contents for the students, 15 questions on evaluation of cyberclasses which they took. The number of subjects were 140 students of 'C' university who registered for nonmajor food and nutrition course in 1998. Among 140 students, 80 were cyberclass students and 60 were non cyberclass students. The results of the survey were as following : Fifty-five universities out of 62 had curriculums on food and nutrition in 1998 and 36,802 students attended the non major food and nutrition lectures. 84.9% of the respondents had their own computes and the main application mostly used was word processing. Additionally, 33.3% of them used on-line communications and 81.4% of them used internet. The most interesting subject of the respondents was 'disease and nutrition management'. The male respondents were concerned more about 'alcohol and health', whereas the females were concerned about 'obesity and weight control'.

El texto fenomenológico como objeto de análisis de procesos conscientes / The phenomenological text as object of the consciousness processes analysis

El presente estudio forma parte de un proyecto general cuyos objetivos son seleccionar diversos textos que describen la experiencia subjetivos son seleccionar diversos textos que describan la experiencia subjetiva y desarrollar técnicas de análisis que hagan posible su interpretación y representación en términos de la estructura y dinámica de la conciencia. De esta manera se trata de una aproximación cognitiva al texto en primera persona que pretende avanzar en la comprensión de la naturaleza de la conciencia mediante el análisis de las producciones orales o escritas de un tipo muy particular de lenguaje natural, a saber, de ciertos informes en primera persona. El monólogo interior y la psiconarración de la literatura, en particular de la novela contemporánea desde Joyce y Proust muestran y prueban las extraordinarias capacidades del lenguaje para sugerir, describir y analizar estados mentales. Sin embargo no pueden ser objeto de análisis estados mentales. Sin embargo no pueden ser objeto de análisis de procesos conscientes porque son simulaciones. Existe otro tipo de monólogos y soliloquios que llamamos testimonios en los cuales el autor del texto expresa sus propios estados interiores de manera inmediata y franca. Partes muy selectas de estos escritos son llamados "textos" fenomenológicos" y constituyen objetivos más apropiados de estudio. En el presente trabajo se ilustran ampliamente tres tipos de textos fenomenológicos extraídos de diarios, autoexperimentos y transcripciones verbatim de parlamentos obtenidos en la clínica. Un monólogo recogido en el diario de una paciente de Pierre Janet es utilizado para presentar un análisis preliminar del texto consistente en su fragmentación en segmentos y en la atribución a cada segmento de contenidos mentales de acuerdo a una lista de nueve categorías mentales preparadas para ello. El procedimiento se deriva directamente de los métodos de la etología cuantitativa y muestra la posibilidad de acceder a los informes en primera persona de manera empírica y de complementar eventualmente al análisis cualitativo con el cuantitativo. Finalmente se establecen tres características o requisitos para considerar a una narración como "texto fenomenológico" susceptible de un análisis cognoscitivo el cual, a su vez pueda ser usado para desarrollar un modelo del proceso consciente. El método pretende tener aplicaciones en la psicología cognitiva, en la psicopatología y en la psicofarmacología